There are three primary symptom categories, including re-living, avoiding, and increased arousal:
Re-living refers to the repeated thoughts and memories of the traumatic event, and this may include nightmares, hallucinations, and flashbacks. Reminders of the trauma, such as an anniversary date or similar event can trigger the individual to re-live the traumatic experience.
Avoiding refers to the tendency for PTSD sufferers to avoid places, events, or thoughts that could remind the individual of the traumatic event. This can lead to isolation, and can reduce the ability for the person to receive adequate support from family and friends. This can also sometimes result in the individual having difficulty in some elements of daily life or being able to attend events that they would have previously enjoyed.
Increased arousal refers to the excessive presence of arousal or emotions. This can include being started easily, outbursts of anger, sudden uncontrollable crying, excessive shows of affection, and many others. In addition, physiological symptoms may include muscle tension, nausea, increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, and others. Small children suffering from PTSD may have delayed development in some areas, such as language, toilet training, and motor development.
All individuals respond to trauma differently. Individual personality characteristics combined with the presence/absense of a support system can influence the outcome of whether or not a person will develop PTSD. PTSD was first recognized in relationship to veterans of war, but is not understood as a disorder that can affect anyone who has undergone significant trauma. Individuals who were abused as children or who have had a repeated exposure to life-threatening situations are more prone to developing PTSD. Victims of physical and sexual assault are at greatest risk for suffering from this disorder.
PTSD occurs in approximately 3.6%, and roughly 7.8 million Americans will suffer from PTSD at some point during the lifespan. Fortunately, PTSD generally responds well to treatment.
If you feel that you or someone you care about may be suffering from this condition, feel free to let me know if I may be of assistance.
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